Sorry for the late reply!
First off I tried completely uninstalling and reinstalling Stardew (and the beta), with nothing changing. Second off, here's the best screenshot I'm going to get. The issue is that it happens so quick that I can't just use the snipping tool. Pretty much once this stuff pops up, the SMAPI window closes and steam takes a second to update my cloud status before saying I can play again. It doesn't stay open or anything like that (sorry if that wasn't clear in my first post). Again no errors pop up in the logs and
here's my latest SMAPI log as proof. Going back to non-beta Stardew lets me play with no issues and I can't imagine that whatever CA is doing would completely up-end the game for some people so I'm really not sure what's going on.