Might be a long shot, but have you checked if deleting the app immediately deleted the save files as well?
Here's how to locate them:
https://stardewvalleywiki.com/Saves
(Which is also useful for locating the files in the cloud I suppose)
OK I did this because I'm a glutton for punishment. And I'm curious. These things are linked genes in my DNA.
1) I checked in Files and saw my Stardew Valley folder in there with my one save that I use about every 9 months.
2) I deleted Stardew Valley from my iPhone. It notified me that if I was saving to iCloud that those saves would still be there, but everything on my phone would go away.
2) I checked the Files again and the Stardew Valley folder disappeared before my eyes. And it can't be searched for.
I don't save an iCloud save (too dum to figure that out), so Bob is gone. Which is fine as I couldn't remember the Farm type much less the actual save as I just don't play games on my phone.
I really really really hope you have a reasonably recent save in iCloud!!
Oh, and I'm full up on kids, maybe someone else has space for a, um... proactive 7 year old?