My initial guess was a driver issue, but I think it's just really hit and miss for people on Macs running big sur. I've been scoured the stardew forums, and lots of people are having problems on steam.
www.reddit.com
www.reddit.com
other games have that OpenGL issue, steam games with external viewing platforms. This won't likely apply since you're on a laptop, but I started by searching for strings of your SMAPI log and trying to search out specific issues
Object not set to reference (maybe in their case I think they have mods installed, so maybe not applicable):
https://www.reddit.com/r/StardewVal...p_smapi_error_object_reference_not_set_to_an/
Long and short, I think it's a mac OS issue, but it never hurts to restart your computer, fresh install, verify game files, etc, but it might just be chance, people don't seem to know what the issue is yet.
(baby) Update:
people having some relative success by verifying game files (
https://community.playstarbound.com/threads/help-game-will-not-start.162133/) and/or doing a clean install. Make sure you have all patches and their included hotfixes for stardew. Also, make sure your OS is compatible, stardew is 32 bit, it loads through mono which supports 64 bit (according to pathsochild on a reddit post). Apple had dropped support for 32 bit games but this seems to be fixed now. I wonder if you are running a beta form of the OS, and if you can find a way to ensure the stability of the OS, verify game cache/files through steam and try again. I'd say make and upload another smapi log, even if it's the same - it helps because the log shows viewers the date it was made.
I'd also suggest reinstalling SMAPI. That worked for someone else